Specific aspects of combating goods smuggling

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of countering the smuggling of goods in the context of globalization and Ukraine's gradual integration into the European Union. The authors emphasize that the intensification of international trade relations and the growing liberalization of markets contribute to the spread of transnational smuggling activities, which seriously threaten national security, economic stability, and the rule of law. In this regard, the study focuses on the specific aspects of countering goods smuggling, including regulatory frameworks, institutional mechanisms, operational practices, international cooperation, and the use of resources and forces. A comparison of legislative approaches to combating smuggling in various countries, including Brazil, the European Union, China, Ukraine, and the United States, is made. Special attention is paid to criminal liability, law enforcement mechanisms, and sanctions policy. The authors highlight key differences in the classification of smuggling offenses and the gradation of penalties, while also identifying standard features that could be used to harmonize legislation and foster cross-border cooperation. Furthermore, the article examines the practical consequences of recent legislative changes in Ukraine and their impact on the dynamics of smuggling activities. Emphasis is placed on the achievements and unresolved issues in implementing stricter legal measures and interagency coordination. Based on the analysis, several recommendations are proposed for improving Ukraine's legal response to smuggling, including aligning sanctions with the degree of social harm, expanding international information exchange, modernizing customs infrastructure, and introducing digital transparency tools. The study justifies the need for an integrated and adaptive strategy to enhance the state's resilience and ensure that the legal framework aligns with the European Union's standards.