Retraction Note: Bhat et al. Effective methods for adapted text learning for students with mild to severe intellectual disabilities: Differentiating character comparisons. <em>Multidiscip. Sci. J.</em> (2023) <em>5</em>, e2023

Retraction Note Title: Effective methods for adapted text learning for students with mild to severe intellectual disabilities: Differentiating character comparisonsAuthors: Vinayak Anil Bhat, Rashmi Mehrotra, Vinima GambhirDOI: https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2023ss0216Date of Retraction: June 10, 2025 This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief following an investigation that confirmed substantial plagiarism of a previously published article in The Journal of Special Education (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466919869978). The analysis of the published work revealed significant overlap in content, structure, methodology, and interpretation of results. The investigation identified replication of the conceptual framework and research objectives, near-identical use of methods, including the "System of Least Prompts" (SLP) and graphic organizers such as Venn diagrams, along with matching participant characteristics and demographic details, raising concerns about possible data reuse. Furthermore, structural and textual similarities were found throughout the manuscript, particularly in the implementation steps and the interpretation of the results. Although the authors were initially cooperative and provided some clarifications regarding the concerns raised, the Editorial Board concluded that there was a significant degree of content duplication between this article and previously published work. Given the extent of the overlap and the shortcomings in the analysis and conclusions presented in this article, the Editorial Board determined that issuing a correction would be insufficient to resolve these concerns. Therefore, the Editorial Board has decided to retract this publication. Following the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines, the Board determined that the level of duplication constitutes a serious violation of academic integrity, justifying the retraction. After the insufficient clarifications provided by the authors, they were given the opportunity to submit a statement regarding their position on the retraction, to be included in this notice. However, no response was received within the timeframe provided. This retraction has been approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the Multidisciplinary Science Journal. The authors did not consent to this retraction.