Research on Ecological Security Evaluation based on Extendable Sequential Three-Way Decision-Making

The importance of ecological safety evaluation within the context of ecosystem protection is undeniable. The ecological security of the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains is influenced by the dynamic interplay of multiple uncertain factors. To address the issue of incomplete information in decision-making, this study proposes the application of a topologically sequential three-branch decision-making method, which facilitates topologically transformable and sequential decision-making. The evaluation index system for ecological security in the Qinling region is first developed based on the DPSIR (Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) model. An empirical analysis of the ecological security levels of the northern Qinling Mountains is then conducted using socio-economic statistics and remote sensing data from Xi'an, Baoji, and Weinan cities, covering the period from 2010 to 2020. This analysis applies the topologically sequential three-branch decision-making method and compares its results with those derived from the entropy-weighted physical element topological decision-making method. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, achieving an accuracy rate of 81.82%. Furthermore, this approach accounts for the dynamic fluctuations of influencing factors, providing a more accurate reflection of the actual conditions surrounding the ecological security of the northern Qinling Mountains.