<i>Clivia</i> <i>miniata</i> Seedlings Germinated <i>in Vitro</i> under Different Sucrose Concentrations and Used as Explants for Callus Induction

Clivia miniata is an ornamental plant with pharmaceutical potential, but its cultivation is costly. The plant’s slow growth has prompted the search for alternative cultivation methods aimed at producing phenolic compounds, such as the in vitro culture. This study investigated the effect of sucrose concentration and fruit maturity on the in vitro germination (IG) of C. miniata seeds and subsequent callus induction (CI). Sucrose was added to the MS medium: 0 - 40 g∙L−1. During IG, the concentration of sucrose affected the speed of germination, and at 0 and 10 g∙L−1, seeds from ripe fruit had a higher germination percentage (63% and 67%). Mature seeds showed significantly higher percentages than immature ones. When inducing callus, a high concentration of growth regulators (GR) resulted in significant mortality of the explants. Combinations such as 2.4-D mg∙L−1 + 0.52 mg∙L−1 PIC + 2 mg∙L−1 BAP and 4 mg∙L−1 BAP + 4 mg∙L−1 ANA showed high survival rates and CI. The results demonstrate that sucrose concentrations > 5.1 g∙L−1 reduce germination in mature seeds, likely due to osmotic stress, while lower doses (0 - 10 g∙L−1) optimize germination (up to 67%), indicating limited reliance on exogenous carbon sources. The cytokinin BAP proved to be essential for callogenesis, regardless of the auxin used.