SILICONE-REACTIONAL AXILLARY LYMPHADENOPATHY RESULTING FROM BREAST PROSTHESIS RUPTURE: A RARE CASE REPORT

Introduction: Silicone reaction lymphadenopathy occurs due to the leakage of silicone particles into the breast cavity as a result of breast prosthesis rupture. These particles cause foreign body-like granulomatous reactions and are transported to the regional lymph nodes, especially the axillary lymph nodes, resulting in lymphadenopathy. Although rupture is a harmless condition, it is essential to rule out any degree of malignancy through biopsy. Aim: To describe a rare case of intracapsular rupture of a breast prosthesis with silicone infiltration in the axillary lymph nodes. Methodology: An observational study with data collected through a review of medical records and clinical examinations, with informed consent obtained in advance. The study was assessed by the Research Ethics Committee, ensuring compliance with all ethical standards and the protection of patient data. Case Report: A 66-year-old female patient, who had been wearing bilateral breast implants for 20 years, presented with a palpable, painless right axillary lump at a routine appointment. An ultrasound of the right axilla revealed an enlarged, inaccurate and thickened cortical lymph node with echoes inside. Breast MRI showed signs suggestive of intracapsular rupture and the presence of atypical lymph node enlargement in the right axilla. Core biopsy of the right axilla showed chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis of the foreign body type. Discussion: Silicone lymphadenopathy involving axillary lymph nodes is an uncommon complication. It is believed that macrophages are responsible for transporting the material particles to the lymph nodes, where the granulomatous reaction occurs. Conclusion: This is a rare case of silicone lymphadenopathy, an uncommon complication related to ruptured breast implants.