TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND BACKDROP PAINTING IN INDIAN PHOTO STUDIOS: KOLKATA’S ARTISTIC LEGACY AND PRACTICES

Photography studios emerged shortly after the invention of the camera around the mid 1800s. From that time on, backdrop painting began to be used in studios according to customer demand. Backdrop painting in Indian photo studios was not merely a decorative practice. It was an art form deeply rooted in the socio-cultural fabric of the time. These paintings served multiple purposes from enhancing the aesthetic appeal of portraits to symbolizing status, identity and aspirations of the subjects. Kolkata, as a hub of artistic innovation and cultural exchange played a crucial role in shaping the evolution of this art form. The photo studios of Kolkata became a melting pot of ideas where traditional Indian art techniques blended with modern influences to create distinctive backdrops that captured the imagination of many. This study explores the emergence of photography and backdrop painting in Indian photo studios with a particular focus on Kolkata. The research aims to trace the historical development of these artistic practices and identify the reasons behind the use of backdrop painting in photo studios. A comprehensive methodology including primary source analysis, contextual literature review and photographic documentation were used in this study. The study reveals the history of photography and how backdrop painting became integral to early photography in India as well as in Kolkata. The analysis shows that backdrop painting in Kolkata was influenced by both traditional Indian art and Western photographic practices creating a unique cultural blend. The study also investigates the role of these backdrops in enhancing the visual narrative of portraits, providing aesthetic appeal, cultural symbolism and business benefits for the studios. Ultimately, the research highlights the significance of backdrop painting in preserving India artistic heritage and its continued influence on modern photography.