Influence of liquid temperature and surface tension on sonoluminescence: Theory model and experiment validation

Sonoluminescence has been extensively studied, yet its underlying luminescence mechanism remains elusive and under debate for many years. In this study, we have developed an adiabatic-phase transition model of sonoluminescence based on bubble wall dynamics, considering both of adiabatic expansion/contraction process and the phase transitions of water vapor inside the bubbles. When the bubble’s temperature reaches a sufficiently high level, light emission is observed due to blackbody radiation from the bubble. This model establishes a relationship between liquid temperature, surface tension, and luminescence intensity. Furthermore, quantitative evaluations have been experimentally verified, supporting the validity of the proposed theoretical model. This work offers new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of sonoluminescence.