Characterization of thermal buoyancy forces and suction on bioconvective magnetohydrodynamic dusty nanofluid flow over a stretching surface

The paper examines the two-dimensional incompressible flow of dusty water-based nanofluid across a stretched surface, incorporating the effects of buoyancy, Brownian motion, motile microorganisms, suction, thermophoretic diffusion, and magnetohydrodynamics. Bioconvection in dusty nanofluids plays a crucial role in optimizing heat storage. Gyrotactic microorganisms combined with dust and nanoparticles enhance heat transmission and system stability. Similarity transformations reduce governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then solved numerically using MATLAB’s built-in bvp4c method. The accuracy and efficacy of the numerical approach are confirmed by its close agreement with prior studies. A graphical representation illustrates the influence of physical parameters on skin friction, temperature, Nusselt number, and velocity profiles. The findings indicate that increasing thermophoretic diffusion and Brownian motion significantly increase temperature profiles for both phases. Stronger suction boosts heat dissipation by lowering the temperature and increasing the Nusselt number. Thermal buoyancy increases velocity while reducing temperature in both phases, owing to improved convective flow. The skin friction grows by 2.72% as the magnetic parameter M increases from 0.5 to 1, then follows an additional elevation of 2.40% as M climbs from 1 to 1.5, suggesting that the magnetic influence on shear stress is gradually diminishing. For Prandtl numbers 0.7, 2, 7, and 20, the heat transmission is 6.87%, 13.73%, 28.60%, and 50.79%, respectively, indicating that heat transfer improves with increasing Prandtl numbers. This study offers valuable insights into the behavior of dusty nanofluids, with particular emphasis on their role in heat transfer mechanisms.