The burden of low back pain in BRICS: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021

From 1990 to 2021, the burden of low back pain declined in China and India, but morbidity and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) remained high. Russia, Brazil, and South Africa are on the rise, and health research on LBP needs to be intensified. Females and the older adult are at high risk of low back pain. Occupational ergonomics and high body mass index (BMI) are major risk factors affecting BRICS countries. The global incidence of LBP from 1990 to 2030 presents a significant downward trend in the future for males and a slight upward trend for females, with an overall global decline.