Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Islam: Telaah Terhadap Gagasan Pembaruan Tokoh-tokoh Muslim

This article discusses the reconstruction of Islamic thought through an examination of reformist ideas developed by several modern and contemporary Muslim figures, such as Jamaluddin al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, Fazlur Rahman, and Nurcholish Madjid. The main focus of this study is how their thoughts respond to the challenges of the times, both in religious, social, and educational fields. Using a qualitative approach through library research, this article explores the fundamental principles of reform that they proposed, such as the rationalization of Islamic teachings, contextual ijtihad, and the reform of Islamic educational institutions. Based on the explanation and analysis of the thoughts of these reformist figures, it can be concluded that the reconstruction of Islamic thought is an urgent necessity in responding to the challenges of the modern era. These thinkers, with their diverse social backgrounds and approaches, share a common thread in their efforts to revive critical reasoning, liberate the Muslim community from the shackles of blind imitation (taqlid), and reform the educational system to align with dynamic and contextual Islamic values. The rationalization of religious teachings, the reopening of ijtihad, the strengthening of integrative education, and the rejection of formalism and dogmatism are strategic proposals they put forward to make Islam a religion capable of addressing contemporary issues without losing its spiritual identity. Their ideas also reflect a spirit of bridging tradition and modernity, revelation and reason, as well as textual authority and the lived experience of the Muslim community.