Pengembangan Instrument Test untuk Mengukur HOTS Siswa pada Materi Asam Basa

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) are essential competencies in 21st-century education, particularly in chemistry, which requires conceptual understanding and analytical thinking. HOTS includes three levels of the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy: analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6), with creating as the highest level, requiring creativity and original problem-solving. Acid-base topics in Grade XI are often seen as abstract and difficult, thus requiring an evaluation instrument that accurately and reliably measures HOTS. This study aims to develop an electronic-based essay test instrument to assess students' HOTS. The development model was a modification of Wilson, Oriondo, and Antonio’s model, involving three main stages: design, limited testing, and measurement. Validation results by content experts (91%), construct experts (90%), and language experts (89%) were categorized as very high. Reliability testing produced a coefficient of 0.87, indicating excellent consistency. Most test items had good discriminating power and moderate difficulty. Teachers' evaluation of the instrument's feasibility reached 92%, while student responses were 88%, both in the “very good” category. Therefore, the developed instrument is feasible to be used for evaluating and enhancing students’ HOTS in chemistry learning, especially within the framework of the competency-based Kurikulum Merdeka (Independent Curriculum).