Review of the Role of Veterinary Public Health in Preventing Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat that poses significant risks to both human and animal health. In the context of veterinary public health (VPH), AMR has far-reaching implications as it affects the treatment of animal diseases, impacts food safety, and can be transmitted to humans through direct contact or consumption of contaminated animal products. A One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, is critical for addressing the challenge of AMR. This review explores the role of veterinary public health in preventing antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the importance of responsible antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine, health surveillance, and regulatory frameworks. The paper discusses the mechanisms of AMR, the impact of antimicrobial misuse in veterinary settings, and the various strategies that can be implemented to mitigate its spread, including vaccination, education, and awareness programs. Furthermore, it highlights successful case studies, barriers to effective AMR management, and the importance of global collaborations in combating AMR. Future directions in research, innovations in surveillance, and the integration of technology and data analytics are also examined to improve antimicrobial stewardship. The review concludes by providing policy recommendations and reinforcing the need for a One Health approach to effectively combat AMR.