Architect Yakov Shteinberg - Life, Fate, Creativity of a Constructivist in the Conditions of Soviet Ukraine

Constructivist architect Yakov Shteinberg is a significant figure in Ukrainian culture. Information about his activities and fate during the Soviet era was hushed up, despite the fact that he was recognized as the "First Architect of Ukraine", due to punishment during the struggle of the Soviet government "with cosmopolitans". The article proposes to consider three stages of the political and economic state of the state and their impact on the life and activities of the master in the conditions of the USSR. Such an assessment of the dependence of the life of society and an individual creative personality on the communist leadership of the country allows us to determine why and for what exactly in the Soviet Union a unique style of "constructivism" arose in the world, why it was banned by the authorities during its consolidation and how this affected the life of the creative intelligentsia on the example of the biography of Ya. A. Shteinberg. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the scientific and creative activities of the constructivist architect at different stages of the existence of Soviet Ukraine and his outstanding role in the formation of Ukrainian architecture, despite the dependence on the political regime. The methods of the study are biographical, causal relationship between the orders of the governing bodies and the activities of the artist, comparative analysis between the stages of the professional activity of the specialist. To obtain the results, an important component of the research was the study of contemporary publications that testified to the events and the state of affairs in the state, and the personal articles of Yakov Shteinberg were of particular importance. The results of scientific research proved that the life of an individual in the conditions of totalitarianism, characteristic of the communist system of power, required the individual and society to completely submit to the political regime. The novelty of the proposed topic lies in the initial consideration of the biography of the artist and his activities through the study of the peculiarities of the political and economic conditions of life and activity of the country, determining the influence of these conditions on the cultural activities of the people in the field of architecture and urban planning and the formation of the personality of the constructivist architect Ya. A. Shteynberg.