An EpiMod-QR/Alt Code-Based Model for Smart Campus Attendance Management Using the Differential Transform Method

This study presents the Epidemiological Quick Response and Alternative Code (EpiMod-QR/Alt) system, an innovative framework designed to address attendance management challenges in certain Nigerian higher institutions. By integrating QR/Alt code technology with compartmental differential equation modeling, the system offers real-time tracking, predictive analysis, and actionable insights for data-driven decision-making. Leveraging the Differential Transform Method (DTM), the system solves the underlying differential equations with enhanced computational efficiency and accuracy. The model categorizes students into dynamic compartments—scheduled, attending, and absent—allowing for continuous monitoring and analysis of attendance trends. The EpiMod-QR/Alt system is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional and semi-digital attendance systems, such as inaccuracy, time inefficiency, and lack of scalability. It supports hybrid learning environments by accommodating both physical and virtual attendance tracking, ensuring that data collection remains seamless and secure. Through theoretical validation and simulated scenarios, including fixed policies and dynamic interventions, the system demonstrates adaptability and robustness across diverse institutional contexts. Results indicate that the system significantly reduces absenteeism, improves administrative oversight, and supports the optimal allocation of institutional resources. Its predictive capabilities enable proactive interventions and long-term planning, aligning with the broader goals of smart campus transformation. The research lays the groundwork for practical implementation and highlights potential for future enhancements, including the integration of machine learning algorithms and expansion to multi-campus systems. By combining mathematical modeling with technological innovation, the EpiMod-QR/Alt system offers a scalable, efficient, and intelligent solution to modern attendance management in higher education.