Sensible Thermal Energy Storage Using Different Storing Materials

This study investigates the potential of different materials for sensible thermal energy storage to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of solar heating systems interfacing with intermittently received solar radiation. The experimental setup involved a flat-plate solar collector under controlled indoor conditions, examining variable heat transfer fluid flow rates and storage media including salt, sand, and water. A heat exchanger facilitated thermal exchange in a storage tank containing mixed media. The findings demonstrated that salt exhibited the highest thermal storage efficiency at 76.67%, while water showed superior specific heat capacity (Cp) at 4.1969 kJ/kg·K, highlighting its effectiveness in heat storage applications. Notably, the water-resistant properties of thermal salt particles and sand were emphasized as critical factors for energy storage. An optimum average specific heat capacity of 0.8127 kJ/kg·K was identified for enhancing system performance. These results underscore the practicality of integrating salt, sand, and water as viable storage media for solar thermal technologies, contributing to the development of more sustainable and efficient energy solutions.