Testing Teaching and Learning Delivery Modes for Independence – A Chi-square Analysis through Students’ Perceptions of Barriers

This study tests the independence of four Teaching and Learning Delivery Modes (DMs) in Higher Education: Face-to-Face. Blended, Hybrid, and Online. We collected students’ perceptions of barriers to these DMs through a survey with 192 respondents and tested for independence using Pearson’s Chi-square. The main result is that Hybrid and Online are perceived as one DM. Considering other academic work, we can conclude that hybrid delivery modes are superior to entirely online, as they allow students to adjust the DM based on their individual needs.