Comprehensive Analysis and Future Prospects of Electric Vehicles: Topologies, Efficiency, Challenges, and Power Integration

The electrification of transportation has received considerable attention in modern society for achieving sustainable energy targets. But electric vehicle sales still account for a small proportion in transportation sector. To accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles, several investigated must be established that mainly address the high-cost electric vehicles, range anxiety, lack of charging infrastructure, and ease of maintenance. The main contribution of this work is to present a detailed de- scription on several electric vehicle components, discuss about durability, efficiency and the environmental impact of electric vehicle with the highlighting technological challenges, including range anxiety and the need for extensive charging infrastructure, are discussed alongside current solutions in battery technology. Additionally, the paper addresses the role of electric vehicle in power production and grid integration through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. By this solution, we can enhance their adoption and contribute to a more sustainable automotive industry