Barriers to the Adoption of Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Material Handling in the Malaysian Construction Industry

Traditionally, material handling is commonly integrated with human labour, which has specific work limits and capabilities, resulting in slower, less efficient and less sustainable material handling. The construction industry in Malaysia faces increasing pressure to promote sustainable material handling. Blockchain technology has great potential for improving transparency, traceability and efficiency in material handling. However, the adoption of blockchain technology for sustainable material handling remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential barriers to the adoption of blockchain technology for sustainable material handling. For data collection, interviews were carried out with selected twenty-one (21) respondents from diverse backgrounds who were experienced in the construction industry. Face to face, online meeting, and phone call interview methods were conducted. Then, all the data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed seven (7) main themes related to barriers, i) safety, ii) financial, iii) technical, iv) educational, v) environmental, vi) political and vii) social. This research identified challenges related to technological infrastructures, regulatory frameworks, cost implications, and industry readiness. Insights from industry stakeholders provide a comprehensive understanding of these barriers and suggest strategies to overcome them. The findings emphasise the need for industry-wide collaboration, supportive government policies, and enhanced awareness to drive blockchain adoption. This study contributes to the literature by offering practical recommendations for integrating blockchain technology into sustainable practices, ultimately promoting more efficient and eco-friendly material handling processes in construction.