Sustainability of the Lighting Environment for the Architecture of the Imam Ali Shrine in Najaf Al-Ashraf

The creativity and skill in producing architecture enhance spiritual values by using hidden concepts of mystery, symbolism, and mathematical laws. Therefore, spiritual architectural edifices are useful in terms of their needs, how to deal with them, and the contemplation. One of the examples is the golden dome in the architecture of the shrine of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Najaf, Iraq. It is a symbolic and sustainable environmental model. The research problem reveals the need for a relationship between the design of the dome windows and the sunlight entering the shrine room. This study aims to disclose the design creativity and environmental sustainability that Al-Baha’i engineers create, which is a sustainable, luminous, traditional, and spiritual environment with high functionality that adds majesty and beauty to the pillars of the holy shrine. It adopts an analytical-experimental methodology by collecting information and data and establishing a theoretical base for a theoretical framework. Field investigations and photographs that confirm the results of the research problem were taken. This is reinforced by using astronomical mathematical laws.