A Study on the Strategies of Universality and Equality in Reading Promotion of Nordic Public Libraries

Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination, reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland) stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of "universal sharing and equal reading", integrating reading promotion into national strategies, and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries: covering all age groups, eliminating group differences, integrating digital and physical resources, and ensuring the right to read through legislative, financial, and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.