Advances in Early Neurological Deterioration Research within Branch Atheromatous Disease

在中国，脑血管疾病已然成为致死致残的主要病因，其中尤以缺血性卒中占比最高，约占80%。作为急性缺血性卒中的重要亚型，穿支动脉粥样硬化病(Branch Atheromatous Disease, BAD)在临床上常表现出易发生早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration, END)的特征。鉴于目前尚缺乏针对该疾病明确有效的临床干预措施，患者在发病后长期遗留神经功能障碍甚至死亡的风险显著增高，这不仅构成了临床诊疗的挑战，同时也加重了社会及家庭的负担。本文就急性BAD患者早期神经功能恶化的病理机制、预测指标及临床治疗的最新研究进行综述，以期提高临床医生的认识及为改善患者不良预后提供一定证据。In China, cerebrovascular disease has become a major cause of death and disability, with ischemic stroke accounting for 80% of the cases. As an important subtype of acute ischemic stroke, Branch Atheromatous Disease (BAD) is clinically susceptible to early neurological deterioration (END). In view of the lack of clear and effective clinical interventions for this disease, the risk of long-term neurological dysfunction and even death is significantly higher, which not only constitutes a challenge for clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also aggravates the burden on the society and the family. In this article, we review the latest research on the pathological mechanisms, predictive indicators and clinical treatments of early neurological deterioration in patients with acute BAD with the aim of raising clinicians’ awareness and providing evidence to improve patients’ prognosis.