A Case of Bronchiectasis Complicated with Pulmonary Nocardiosis

诺卡菌感染相对罕见，通常发生在免疫缺陷患者中。在这里，我们介绍了一例免疫功能低下的青年患者因皮疽诺卡菌引起的肺部感染。本例中，一名26岁的男性因咳嗽和咳痰超过10年，加重伴发热2天入院，既往被诊断患有支气管扩张症。入院后常规治疗效果不佳，病情反复，完善痰培养和纤维支气管镜取肺泡灌洗液通过多重靶向扩增–高通量测序法技术鉴定为皮疽诺卡菌感染。调整治疗方案为口服复方磺胺甲噁唑片来控制感染，规范治疗1个月后肺部炎症逐渐消退。Nocardia infection is relatively rare and usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present a case of a young immunocompromised patient with a lung infection caused by Nocardia serrata. In this case, a 26-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with cough and sputum for more than 10 years, which worsened with fever for 2 days. He was previously diagnosed with bronchiectasis. After admission, conventional treatment was ineffective and the condition recurred. Sputum culture and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy were identified as Nocardia serrata infection by multiple targeted amplification-high-throughput sequencing technology. The treatment plan was adjusted to oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole tablets to control the infection. After 1 month of standardized treatment, the lung inflammation gradually subsided.