PROBLEMS OF PENAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL REINTEGRATION OF CONVICTS IN THE LEGISLATION OF KAZAKHSTAN AND TAJIKISTAN: CURRENT STATE, ISSUES, AND PROSPECTS

The article presented to readers is dedicated to certain aspects of the social reintegration of convicts within the penal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as within the penal activities regulated by this legislation. The article addresses pressing issues related to the social reintegration of convicts, including those who have committed terrorist and extremist crimes. These issues are also relevant for other states in the Central Asian region. The authors, utilizing the latest advancements in penology, recommendations from UN international legal instruments, and statistical data, analyze the current situation in penal activities in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, highlighting its complexities and contradictions. In particular, the authors critically assess the provisions of the "Strategy for Reforming the Penal System of the Republic of Tajikistan until 2030," concerning the unjust and inhumane division of convicts into those "subject to" and "not subject to" resocialization. Additionally, the article critically examines the shortcomings related to the lack of a scientifically grounded methodological approach to ensuring the social reintegration process of convicts, which exists in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. Attention is drawn to certain alarming statistical indicators that point to the low effectiveness of social reintegration of convicts, and to mistakes and errors in organizing probation activities. In this regard, the article contains specific proposals aimed at addressing the identified problems and enhancing the effectiveness of social reintegration of convicts under post-criminal supervision. These proposals are of interest both in the context of further development of penology and in improving the process of combating crime through the establishment of effective social reintegration mechanisms for convicts in the Central Asian states.