Anaesthetic protocol and surgical technique for unilateral orchiectomy in a Tapir (<i>Tapirus terrestris</i>)

Abstract The South American tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ), the largest terrestrial mammal in South America, faces threats such as habitat destruction and illegal hunting, necessitating conservation efforts. This case report describes the anaesthesia and surgical procedures performed on a 6‐year‐old male tapir presenting with an enlarged right testicle. Anaesthetic induction was achieved with detomidine, butorphanol and ketamine, followed by maintenance with propofol. Unilateral orchiectomy was performed with circumferential and transfixional ligatures on the pampiniform plexus and spermatic cord. Postoperatively, the animal received antibiotic and analgesic therapy. Despite initial complications, including suture dehiscence, the animal showed clinical improvement after a second surgical procedure. Microbiological analysis yielded negative results for bacterial growth, suggesting a traumatic etiology for the epididymal lesion. This report highlights the importance of comprehensive anaesthesia and surgical techniques in the management of reproductive tract disorders in tapirs, contributing to their conservation and welfare. Further research is needed to optimise treatment protocols and outcomes in tapir surgery.