Research on Stair Wear of Ancient Building

This paper focuses on the research of ancient building staircases, developing multiple models for wear analysis and traffic flow prediction. Firstly, relevant data on wear and traffic flow are collected, including material properties, surface conditions, and the number of staircase users. Model I is based on material mechanics and surface wear theory, constructing W = f (F, D, M) to examine the degree of wear; Model II combines LWR traffic flow and queuing theory, constructing Q = g(, v, lq, tq) to analyze traffic flow; Model III is a PSO model that improves the first two, using the mean square error between predicted and actual data as the fitness function. The results show that the staircase wear model has good explanatory power, the traffic flow model has a high accuracy rate during peak and off-peak hours, and the mean square error of the combined model after PSO optimization is reduced by 30%, with improved fitting performance, providing an important reference for the maintenance, protection, and usage planning of ancient building staircases.