Genetic aspects of the development of overweight

Numerous clinical studies have established that excess weight has a significant impact on the entire state of the body, regardless of age and gender. Metabolic syndrome is a heterogeneous pathological condition that combines different stages of obesity, which is a key element of this syndrome. Hormonal disorders, the central ones being insulin resistance and leptin resistance, trigger a cascade of neuroendocrine changes that lead to the progression of the metabolic syndrome. Purpose: to analyse the development of overweight from the point of view of genetic aspects. Materials and methods: We examined 375 adult patients aged 20 to 70 years old, of whom 20.3% were men and 79.7% were women, who were exposed to a modifiable factor – overweight or obesity, which is a trigger for the prevalence of leptin resistance. In the course of the study, anthropometric parameters (waist circumference, height, weight, body mass index), laboratory parameters (leptin, glucose, insulin, Homa index), information and analytical analysis of the latest studies of gene regulation of overweight in humans were determined, and statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA v.8.0 software package. The results: 375 patients with an average age of (46.8±0.7) years old participated in the study. Male and female groups did not statistically differ in age (t=0.3; p=0.745). In male patients, height (t=12.2; p<0.001), weight (t=8.2; p<0.001) and waist circumference (t=3.4; p<0.001) were higher by 6.4%, respectively, 19.1% and 10.5% than in women. The average value of BMI for the entire sample was (30.0±0.3) kg/m2. Among female patients, the highest BMI was determined in the group of 60-79 years old, and the lowest in the group of 30-49 years old. The research established that (81.4±2.0)% of the examined were overweight or of various degrees of obesity. Conclusions: An in depth comprehensive examination of patients made it possible to assess the health characteristics of overweight or obese patients aged 20 to 70 years old and to create a patient registry, which will contribute to the improvement of diagnostics and stratification of the degree of risk of pathological changes. Analysis of the literature showed that the development of obesity in humans is facilitated by functional mutations that affect the components of the leptin pathway and block the work of the leptin gene or its receptor gene.