Immunotherapy Potential of Animal-Sourced Probiotic Bacteria

Background/Objectives: Research efforts and substantial funding have been dedicated to finding cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Probiotics have been proposed as promising substitutes for antibiotics in human nutrition and livestock production; however, their functional mechanisms remain incompletely understood, limiting their sustainable applications as food supplements, feed additives and for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Methods: In this study, the probiotic potential of two bacterial genomes, Ligilactobacillus saerimneri and Ligilactobacillus salivarius, were explored. Their protein-coding hypothetical proteins were analyzed for their potential to induce interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-13 (IL-13). Results: The IL-5- and IL-13-inducing peptides were identified as immunogens against bacterial and tumor peptides. Conclusions: These findings provide insights into the probiotic bacteria’s immune functionality pathways, sustainability and potential as therapeutic feed additives, food supplements and candidates for vaccine development.