Well-being and productivity of forest machine operators – ergonomic support measures

Technological advances in forest operations have transformed cut-to-length (CTL) timber harvesting from a physically demanding task to a more sedentary, skill-intensive job. This shift requires operators to possess a high level of technical and environmental expertise, accompanied by strong self-management skills, to balance productivity with other work demands. Despite these advances, the sector faces a global shortage of skilled workers, exacerbated by difficulties in attracting and retaining operators. This thesis examines the well-being and productivity of CTL machine operators, emphasising workability and the human-machine-environment interaction, alongside influencing factors. The study investigates the ergonomic aspects of the work in micro, meso and macro work systems, where machine functionality, personal resources, organisational support and regulatory frameworks collectively shape operator productivity and well-being. The study uses a mixed method approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative data. Data from Finnish CTL machine operators indicate that, although operators generally exhibit good workability, challenges, for example, physical ergonomic aspects of the machine cabin, diminished personal resources, cognitive load from digital tasks and inadequate feedback systems can affect their long-term health and engagement. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive technologies and continuous education, both technical training and self-care guidance, to support operators in their demanding roles. Additionally, enhanced work preparation and feedback mechanisms are crucial to improving work productivity and quality, while promoting operator well-being. Future advances should prioritise ergonomic design and automation that align with operators’ needs, strengthening the industry’s appeal and ability to offer sustainable jobs in the bioeconomy sector.