Energy-Saving Technologies of Liquid Atomization: Theoretical Bases and Engineering Solutions

The article addresses energy-saving technologies in liquid atomization processes, which are crucial for many industrial sectors. The primary focus is on the theoretical foundations of the liquid state, providing insights into the physical properties of liquids, such as viscosity, heat capacity, and density. These properties influence heat and mass transfer in liquid-gas systems, a fundamental aspect for the efficient functioning of many technological processes. Various approaches to optimizing heat and mass transfer through innovative liquid atomization methods are described. The designs of static and centrifugal atomizers are reviewed, highlighting their ability to form droplets of different sizes and ensure the required dispersion. Special attention is given to energy-saving technologies that reduce energy consumption during atomization without compromising process quality. Specifically, the article analyzes the advantages of thin-film technologies that contribute to the uniform distribution of liquid in the gas phase. The use of these technologies significantly enhances heat and mass transfer efficiency while reducing energy consumption. Examples of successful implementation of such solutions in industrial settings are provided. The research is based on an analysis of contemporary literature, physical and technical models and experimental data. The importance of considering the specific properties of liquids in the development of new atomizer designs, as well as the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to optimizing process is emphasized. The obtained results indicate the prospects of further research in the field of energy-saving technologies for liquid atomization. This will ensure that industrial processes are both economically beneficial and environmentally sustainable.