Flexural Behavior of Jute Fiber Mat-Reinforced Gypsum/Perlite Composites: Effects of Loading Rate and Reinforcement

This study investigates the flexural performance of sustainable gypsum composites reinforced with jute fiber mat and expanded perlite filler. Through systematic experimentation at varying loading rates (2, 100, and 500 mm/min), we demonstrate how jute fiber reinforcement transforms the inherently brittle gypsum matrix into a pseudo-ductile material with superior energy absorption capacity. The incorporation of expanded perlite reduces composite density while maintaining structural integrity, creating a multifunctional material suitable for modern construction needs. Key findings reveal that jute fiber reinforcement enhances flexural toughness by up to approximately 700% compared to unreinforced specimens, with progressive fiber/yarn pull-out mechanisms preventing catastrophic failure. Although perlite addition decreases flexural strength (from 3.82 MPa to 1.19 MPa in unreinforced samples), the hybrid composites exhibit an optimal balance between mechanical performance and lightweight characteristics. Notably, the composites maintain 30–50% residual load capacity even at 15 mm displacement, demonstrating exceptional damage tolerance across all loading rates. These results demonstrate the potential of jute fiber mat-reinforced perlite-gypsum composites for seismic-resistant interior applications, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional building materials. The study provides a foundation for developing eco-friendly construction materials with enhanced mechanical and functional properties. Future work should evaluate seismic performance under cyclic loading to evaluate their performance and further improvement.