СТРУКТУРАЛИЗМ КАК МЕТОД ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРОЗЫ И ДРАМАТУРГИИ А.П.ЧЕХОВА

The article contains an exposition of the main provisions of the literary method of analyzing a literary text as structuralism. It allows you to find out the features of the artistic style of the author of the work through its composition, plot, linguistic originality and other specific features. The essence of the structural method is described by A.I.Ivanov, who refers to it as "hermetically forgotten education from outside invasions" that does not take into account the external connections of the literary text. L.M. Krupchanov considers immanence important in the structural analysis of a literary work, drawing the attention of researchers to study the object as a "closed system, without any context." At the same time, the literary theorist advises to perceive an artistic work as a phenomenon. In the proposed article, the authors consider the principles and methods of analyzing the literary text of A.P.Chekhov's prose and drama from the perspective of structuralism. Special attention is paid to the semantic openness of A.P.Chekhov's prose, which is manifested in her poetics. The analysis also includes the study of artistic details such as the fragmentary nature of the presented reality, the rejection of the dominant author's position, the unfinished ending, and the enumeration of third-rate inactive characters. Modern researcher A. Zakharyan calls such artistic features in the style of Anton Chekhov "immersion in the process of narration", "throwing the action far ahead". The use of such a "technology" in constructing the poetics of a work of art gives the author the opportunity to create its deep meanings.