Role of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in predicting multi-territorial atherosclerotic disease in peripheral arterial disease: a retrospective cohort study

Aims: Death in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is most often due to coronary artery disease (CAD) or cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) can be used as a prognostic indicator in different cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including PAD. Our aim in this study was to investigate the predictive value of SII in detecting the coexistence of other CVD in patients with PAD. Methods: The study included the results of 100 patients who were admitted to the cardiovascular surgery outpatient clinic of our hospital and diagnosed with PAD. PAD, CAD and carotid artery disease (CAAD) were diagnosed by history, physical examination, electrocardiography, duplex ultrasonography and ankle-brachial index (ABI) calculation. SII was determined as neutrophil count multiplied by platelet count and divided by lymphocyte count. Results: 38 patients had CAAD, 28 had CAD, 19 had only PAD and 15 had all 3 diseases. Platelets levels (285±32.6 vs 234±9.6, p<0.001), Neutrophils levels (4.9±1.1 vs 4.1±9.8, p<0.001) and SII levels (4.9 ±1.1 vs 4.1±1.8, p<0.001) were compared in both groups with and without other arterial diseases in terms of laboratory findings, while other laboratory findings were not statistically different between both groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we found that those with CAD or CAAD had higher SII levels than those with only PAD.