Demographic and Clinical Real-life pattern in a contemporary cohort of Egyptian patients with acute coronary syndrome at Giza Governate

Background:Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in individuals over 35 years. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes. The aim of our study is to register the ACS patients admitted to 6th October insurance hospital, MUST hospital, and EL-Shikzaid hospital IN Giza Governorate in the timeline of a year, and analyse their demographic data, risk factors& their management stratigies. Methods:This prospective, real-world registry included 400 ACS patients between August 2023 and July 2024. Data on demographics, risk factors, clinical presentations, investigations (ECG, cardiac enzymes, echocardiography), and coronary interventions were collected and analysed. Results:The mean age of the cohort was 61.4 years, with 71.75% male. Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were prevalent in 40.5%, 60.0%, and 60.3% of patients, respectively. The mean ejection fraction was 60.34%, and 62.8% had segmental wall motion abnormalities. Significant coronary affection was observed in 60.5%, with multi-vessel disease in 52.8%. Gender differences revealed males had higher rates of significant lesions, multi-vessel disease, and left main artery involvement. Age differences showed that ≤40 years patients had less severe disease, while older exhibited more complex coronary lesions and diastolic dysfunction, suggesting a higher risk for acute coronary syndrome. Conclusion:Gender and age significantly influence ACS presentation and outcomes. Men generally exhibit more severe CAD, while women have higher rates of comorbidities. Older patients have more complex coronary pathology and are at higher risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.