Management of the Endangered World Heritage in Egypt: A Case Study of the Abu Mena Site

Risk management is considered a fundamental tool of effective management for endangered World Heritage sites, aimed at protecting the Integrity and Authenticity of these sites and sustaining their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). This is achieved through administrative measures to mitigate risks associated with all aspects related to the heritage site, including its physical, administrative, political, social, cultural, and economic environment.The Abu Mena site is one of the heritage sites inscribed on the Egyptian World Heritage List in 1979, and was later included on the List of World Heritage in Danger by UNESCO in 2013. This decision was made due to the threats facing the site, which jeopardize its universal value.Therefore, this research paper aims to present a strategy for managing the risks of the Abu Mena site to preserve its Outstanding Universal Value and ensure its retention on the Egyptian World Heritage List. Through a multi-stage approach, firstly, the theoretical approach involves reviewing the literature and fundamental concepts. Secondly, a review of empirical literature on similar sites was conducted, leading to quantitative and qualitative results. Finally, the third stage involves developing an applicable risk management plan for the Abu Mena site.