Influence Of Strain, Sex, Lighting, And Vaccination Programs On Some Blood Parameters And The Immunological Response Of Two Broiler Strains.

This work aimed to study the effect of strain, sex, lighting and vaccination programs on some blood parameters and the immunological response of broiler chickens. 240 chicks from Arbor Acres strain and 240 Evian- 48 chicks strain were raised from 1-35 days old. The chicks were sexualized by their wing feathers. Each strain was divided randomly into four groups; each group contain 60 chicks (30 males and 30 females). The chicks were reared with two different light and vaccination programs. Blood samples for chemical analysis were individually obtained from 10 birds (5 males and 5 females) from each group at 21 days of age to estimate total protein , albumin, globulin ,A/G ratio, creatinine , uric acid ,cholesterol, triglyceride, low - density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), asbartate aminotransferase( AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Triiodothyronine(T3), tetraiodothyronine thyroxine (T4), calcium , inorganic phosphorus, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M ( IgM). At 21 and 35 days of age blood sample obtained to estimate infection brochantece virus( IBV). infection bursal virus diseases (IBVD), avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus ( NDV) . Results showed that strain, sex, lighting and vaccination programs have a significant impact on most of the vital blood estimates in this study. In the Evian 48 strain, there was an increase in the absolute weight of the bursa, spleen, and thymus when compared to the Arbour Acres. Male had a significant (p < 0.0001) effect on the thymus's absolute and relative weights. The interaction group2(light program 1 * vaccination program 2) had significant (p < 0.05) positive effects on all immune organ weights except the bursa's relative weight. Evian 48 strain had the higher antibody response against avian influenza virus (AIV) (H5N1) and Newcastle disease virus at 21 and 35 days of age as compared with Arbor Acres. Also, the Evian 48 strain showed an increase in the titers of infectious bursal disease (IBVD) at 21 days of age and also increase in titers of the bronchitis virus (IBV) at 35 days of age. There were no differences between strains on the bronchitis virus (IBV) at 21 days of age and on IBDV at 35 days of age. Females had greater Newcastle disease virus( NDV) antibody titers at 21 and 35 days of age than males but males had higher bursa disease virus (IBVD) antibody titers at 35 days of age. Vaccination program2 (VP2) had higher antibody titers on avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at 21 and 35 days of age. Also the significant increase in antibody titers on bronchitis virus (IBV) at 21 days of age. Evian 48 strain, light program 2(LP2) , vaccination program 2 (VP2 )and interaction group2 G2(light program 1 and vaccination program 2) had a positive effects on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M ( IgM). Conclusively, this study demonstrates the effect of different strains, lighting and vaccination programs on immune performance to achieve the best productive and immune performance for birds. We can recommend rearing the Avian- 48 strain with the use of the second lighting and vaccination programs where, they are tend to give the best immune performance.