Nursing Assessment of Pain and Ecchymosis Among Cardiac Patients who Receive Subcutaneous Anticoagulant Injection

Background: "Pain and ecchymosis at the injection site are common side effects of subcutaneous Enoxaparin injections and may discourage patients from continuing the treatment. Using a correct and safe injection technique is an effective and straightforward way to manage these issues. Aim of the study: assess pain and ecchymosis among cardiac patients who receive subcutaneous anticoagulant injection .Research design: a descriptive correlation research design was utilized. Subjects: A purposive sample of adult patients (n=60) .Setting: This research was carried out in cardiac department at the Minia University cardiothoracic Hospital. Data collection tools: One tool and two scales were used to collect data , the first tool was a structured interview assessment sheet, the second was Numerical Pain Rating Scale , and the third was Ecchymosis Formation Scale Results: Clarify that Mean +SD of pain level in 1st &3rd day (two times per day ) was (3.78335+0.8445&3.925 +0.89395) respectively and Mean +SD of ecchymosis extent in 2nd &3rd day was (2.8500+0.9356 &2.5333+1.0116) respectively following the subcutaneous injection administered by the hospital staff .Conclusion: The pain level on the third day was slightly higher than on the first day and the ecchymosis extent was higher on the second day compared to the third day, after SC injection administered by hospital staff Recommendation: replication of study on large probability sample .