Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃-NPs) toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats: Clinico-Pathological & Biochemical Investigations.

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃-NPs) are one of the most commonly used nanoparticles in nanotechnology that have a negative impact on the environment and health. Concerns are raised by the rapidly expanding usage of Al₂O₃-NPs in a range of industries, such as packaging materials, cutting tools, bone substitutes, and drug delivery systems. The handling and use of aluminum oxide nanoparticles should nevertheless be approached with caution due to the fact that exposure to these nanoparticles might result in oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. Our study carried out 30 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats, divided into three groups: a control group, an Al₂O₃-L group (15 mg/kg bwt), and an Al₂O₃-H group (30 mg/kg bwt). Al₂O₃-NPs were administered i/p day after day for 8 weeks. The study found that rats exposed to Al₂O₃-NPs demonstrated mild anemia, reduced platelet counts, and an increase in white blood cells. Hepatic leakage enzymatic activities and creatinine levels were markedly increased in the Al₂O₃-H group. The Al₂O₃-H group's serum iron levels dramatically decreased. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly (P ≤0.05) elevated in the liver and renal tissues. The Al₂O₃-H group displayed more possible negative consequences with significantly (P ≤0.05) elevated mRNA gene expression of Bax, IL-6, and TNFα in liver and kidney tissues, respectively. This study aimed to reveal the toxicological effect of Al₂O₃-NPs in vivo by using various clinicopathological investigations.