Evaluation of bioactive components and antioxidant activities of Rose canina L., Viburnum opulus L., Berberis vulgaris L. and Berberis integerrima L. subjected to different extraction methods

Rose hip ( Rosa canina L.), gilaburu ( Viburnum opulus L.), barberry ( Berberis vulgaris L.) and black barberry ( Berberis integerrima L.) are important endemic plants of Turkiye. This study determined the bioactive components, including total phenolic content, flavonoid compounds, and anthocyanin amounts. Antioxidant activity values of Rosa canina L., Viburnum opulus L., Berberis vulgaris L. and Berberis integerrima L. fruits grown in Türkiye were also evaluated after different extractions. According to the results, the highest total phenolic content was determined in the methanol extract of Berberis integerrima L.fruit as 3544.84 (mg GAE/100 g DM). The order of the total amount of phenolic substance for all three solvent extraction systems, from the highest to the lowest, was determined as: Berberis integerrima L. >Viburnum opulus L. >Berberis vulgaris L. >Rose canina L. In terms of total flavonoids, Berberis integerrima L. fruit extracted with methanol had the highest value of 2098.88 (mg CE/100 g). The order of total amount of flavonoid substance for all three solvent extraction systems, from the highest to the lowest, was determined as Berberis integerrima L. > Viburnum opulus L. > Berberis vulgaris L. > Rose canina was detected. The highest amount of Trolox equivalent (DPPH)(ABTS+) was determined as 2.95-3.30 (mM Trolox/100 g DM) in Berberis integerrima L. extracted with methanol. The highest total amount of anthocyanins found in the extracts was obtained for Berberis integerrima L . The highest amounts of vitamin C extracted with ethanol, methanol and water was determined for Berberis integerrima L.24.60; 33.22; 29.22 (mg/ 100 g), respectively. The highest value for CD, CI and T was obtained for Berberis integerrima L. extracted with methanol. The highest score for % R, %Y and % B was obtained for Berberis vulgaris L. exacted with water, for Berberis integerrima L. extracted with ethanol and Berberis integerrima L. extracted with water, respectively. The results demonstrated that the extraction solvent has a critical importance for the releasing of bioactive compounds for each used materials.