The association between blood group types and susceptibility to SARS-COVID-19 infection

Background: A major global health emergency caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has generated the COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehending variables affecting person's vulnerability to infection is crucial in creating efficacious preventive and therapeutic approaches. The current research goal is to ascertain whether the susceptibility of SARS-Cov-2 in clinical population is associated with ABO groups of blood. Methods: The clinical samples of 1224 coronavirus-2 infected patients who attended the Al-Faluga Hospital and Al-Yarmuk Hospital between May and December 2023 were analyzed. The specimens were grouped as per ABO blood groups. Statistical analysis and variations in the distribution of blood type between patients and controls (288 cases) were recorded. Results: Of the 1224 COVID-19 patients, 636 (52%) had type A+ blood group, 390 had type O+ (32%), 168 had type B+ (14%), and 30 had type AB (2%). Participants of type A+ were significantly more prominent in contrast to controls (52% vs. 39.5%) with a chi-square value of 0.0003, p = 0.005, and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.9–1.6). Conclusion: Blood type may contribute to an elevated threat of contracting the new coronavirus-2.