Challenges and Adaptive Strategies for Community Based Sustainability in Coastal Regions of Bangladesh

This study aims to analyze the challenges faced by coastal communities and the adaptive strategies employed in response to the impact of climate change. The study focuses on identifying major challenges affecting livelihoods, such as climate-induced disasters, limited infrastructure, social capital shortages, and financial resource constraints. Additionally, it explores community-driven strategies to build resilience and ensure sustainability. The research employed a qualitative approach, including 15 in-depth case interviews, 4 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and 2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted in Chittagong, particularly in the coastal areas named of Patenga, Dulahazra, Banshkhali, Anwara and Mirsharai. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews and participant observation, allowing for a deep understanding of local experiences and coping mechanisms. The interviews targeted individuals aged 25-65 years, with varying exposure to climate-related disruptions and livelihood shifts. Findings reveal that frequent cyclones, increasing salinity, and land degradation are primary threats to local livelihoods. Despite these challenges, communities have adopted adaptive responses, including migration, livelihood diversification, social capital building, and reliance on traditional knowledge. However, gaps in governmental support, insufficient financial resources, and limited vocational training hinder their capacity to fully mitigate these risks. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening community-driven responses, increasing governmental support for disaster resilience, and fostering public-private partnerships for sustainable livelihood development. Investment in vocational training, infrastructure development, and resource management is crucial to improving the overall resilience of coastal communities.