The Green Hydrogen Supply Chain in The Brazilian State of Bahia: A Deterministic Approach

Hydrogen is a key element in the global transition toward a low-carbon economy, with green hydrogen offering significant potential to decarbonize industries and energy systems. This study focuses on designing and optimizing a green hydrogen supply chain (HSC) for the state of Bahia, Brazil, using a deterministic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. The model evaluates 24 scenarios combining production sites, storage technologies, transportation methods, and energy sources, minimizing the Total Sustainable Cost (TSC). The TSC integrates financial and environmental costs, monetizing CO2 emissions using international carbon pricing. Results indicate that economies of scale play a critical role allowing the minimization of the financial costs while achieving lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to other scenarios. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning production strategies with regional renewable energy resources to enhance both cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Future research should incorporate stochastic approaches to address uncertainties in hydrogen demand, energy availability, and market dynamics.