A Blockchain-Supported Framework for Transparent Resource Trading and Emission Management in Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs)

Sustainable industrial development depends on optimizing resource and energy integration within Eco-industrial parks (EIPs), combined with stringent carbon emissions reduction policies. The main challenge is ensuring transparency, accountability, and data privacy while optimizing the conversion of raw materials and energy into valuable products and controlling emissions within EIPs. This research introduces an innovative framework to design optimized EIPs and deploy a blockchain-enabled trading platform for resources and emissions management, tackling these key issues. The proposed framework integrates EIPs with emission control policies, supported by two distinct smart contracts: one dedicated to blockchain-based resource trading and another handling financial transactions related to emission control policies, including other regulations such as income tax. The resource trading platform fosters transparency, enabling accurate tracking of material and energy flows. Furthermore, the framework integrates an off-chain Mixed-Integer linear Programming model (MILP) to optimize EIP design and operations, which is seamlessly integrated with smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain (BC) to ensure data privacy and traceability among processes to meet environmental targets. The model also determines emission reductions and investments in carbon capture technology, promoting operational efficiency. By incorporating identity verification and external entities for compliance, the framework ensures secure and regulated operations. Offering a powerful tool to decision-makers and authorities, this framework enhances comprehension of resource and emissions tracking, paving the way for the development of innovative policies and fostering regulatory compliance. This development promotes sustainable industrial activities and supports environmental goals.