Integrating Carbon Value Vectors in the Energy and Materials Transition Nexus: A Case Study on Mobility Optimization

The ongoing energy transition involves decarbonization across different sectors. Amongst these, the transportation sector contributes significantly owing to its reliance on traditional fossil fuels as feedstock. Attaining decarbonization goals requires the adoption of novel sustainable technologies such as electric vehicles (EVs), and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs), amongst others. The feedstock transition towards electricity and dense energy carriers is challenged by the requirement for additional infrastructure to manage intermittency, power generation, and grid expansion which requires both materials and capital investment. By evaluating and redirecting the role of carbon value vector from fossil fuel production towards the production of carbon-based materials such as polymers to empower the energy transition, we can optimize resource allocation and maintain economic viability, all while reducing environmental impact. In this work, we propose an integrated framework to systematically address energy-materials-mobility transition nexus challenges. The proposed multiscale framework utilizes a resource-task-network (RTN) representation and a life cycle assessment (LCA) step and considers future material demand and production capacities. Its capabilities are demonstrated through a case study on the transition from gasoline-fueled vehicles to EVs, analyzing (i) the role of carbon value vectors in resources and materials production, and (ii) electricity generation, storage, and dispatch using intermittent renewables. The study reveals the interactions between energy, material, and mobility value chains while providing configurations for exploiting such synergies.