AMERICAN AID TO THE JEWS OF SUBCARPATHIAN RUS': AN ANALYSIS OF THE JOINT'S ACTIVITIES DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) in Subcarpathian Ruthenia, viewed as the organization with the broadest range of humanitarian assistance during the interwar period. The main directions of the committee’s work are examined, including socio-economic support for Jewish communities, the development of healthcare systems, educational projects, and the building of social welfare infrastructure. Special attention is paid to how the JDC organized local soup kitchens, medical institutions, educational programs, and supported the establishment of orphanages, thus contributing not only to the survival but also to the modernization of local Jewish communities. The article also analyzes the JDC’s cooperation with other international organizations, including WIZO, ICO, and HICEM, which enabled a comprehensive approach to addressing the social problems of the population. It is emphasized that during the 1920s, the committee’s activities were primarily focused on overcoming humanitarian crises, whereas in the 1930s the emphasis shifted towards institutional support, professional education, and long-term modernization strategies. The study highlights the interaction between JDC representatives and local Jewish self-governing bodies, which ensured the adaptation of broader European programs to the specific local needs of the region. The author stresses that current research on the JDC’s activities remains mostly fragmented and concentrated on individual aspects, whereas a comprehensive approach to this topic requires further investigation. The article outlines the importance of the JDC as a major social and economic factor in the survival of Jewish communities during times of economic crisis and political instability. The collected material can serve as a foundation for developing comprehensive studies on the impact of international humanitarian aid not only on the socio-economic development of Jewish communities but also on the overall condition of the local population in Subcarpathian Ruthenia during the interwar period. This approach allows further exploration of how international humanitarian organizations contributed to the development of local infrastructure, the integration of different social groups, and the formation of social ties between Jewish communities and other ethnic groups.