The Role of Agricultural Land, Education, and Food Production in Shaping Family Income: An African Perspective

This study investigates whether agricultural land, education, and food production significantly impact family income. Family income is a significant economic factor representing GDP per capita and measuring the country’s economic strength. Using SPSS Statistics version 25, we have applied a multistage-linear regression stepwise model, considering family income as the dependent variable and agricultural land, education, and food production as independent variables. We have collected data from World Development Indicators through a purposive sample of five countries, namely Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zambia, representing all five corners of the African continent from 1991 to 2022. The results show that agricultural land, education, and food production significantly impact the family income in Ethiopia and Kenya. However, the Nigerian agrarian land is far beyond predicting the family income, as its P-value equals 0.162 > 0.05. Furthermore, in South Africa, education and food production do not significantly impact the family income, as their P-value for education and food production is 0.762 and 0.582, respectively, and both are > 0.05. Therefore, Africa needs to double its food production and education efforts compared to today's situation and the future to stimulate family income and solve food security and job opportunities issues. Hence, education must take the lead, as well as the review of land policies.