In vitro anticancer activity of Kalingathi Kadugu: A Siddha formulation for Karpa Vippuruthi (cervical cancer) as substantiated by MTT assay

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer ( Karpa Vippuruthi) , a significant global health burden, affects women in low- and middle-income countries. Human papillomavirus infection can disrupt normal cell growth control mechanisms. While advancements in conventional treatments exist, the need for novel therapeutic options with minimal side effects remains crucial. Siddha medicine, a traditional Indian medical system, offers promising avenues for cancer management. This study examines the anti-proliferative effects of the Kalingathi Kadugu (KK), a Siddha herbo-mineral formulation, on HeLa cells (a human cervical cancer cell line) through the MTT assay. Materials and Methods: KK was prepared following the Siddha text Agathiyar Vaithya Vallathi 600 (AVV 600) with proper purification methods. The MTT assay was conducted on HeLa cells exposed to different concentrations of KK (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability and IC50 value were determined. Results: KK exhibited notable cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells with 33.76% cell viability at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The calculated IC50 value was 41.59 µg/mmL, highlighting its potential as an effective anti-proliferative agent compared to both natural compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Discussion: The observed anticancer effect of KK could be attributed to the synergistic action of its multiple bioactive compounds. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of tannins and tri-terpenoids as potentially responsible components. The lower IC50 value of the KK compared to other reported natural products suggests its potential for further exploration. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the promising in vitro anti-cervical cancer activity of KK. The potential of KK as a complementary or alternative therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer warrants further investigation. Additional research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of action, evaluate the in vivo effectiveness, and ensure the safety for clinical use.