Analysis of the Situation and Factors Associated with Dengue Incidence at the Provincial Level during 2019–2023, Lao PDR

We described the incidence of dengue infection in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) from 2019 to 2023, presenting seasonal trends, geographic distribution, and socio-environmental factors. We used data from the National Surveillance Database to fit the time-series and random-effects Poisson regression model. In five years, over 111,000 cases were reported, with an annual incidence exceeding 450 cases per 100,000 in 2019 before declining during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Most cases were aged less than 30 years. The monthly incidences peaked during the rainy season (July-September). Rainfall, lagged rainfall, house index, and lagged house index were significant positive factors. A higher density of health facilities was also associated with a higher incidence. These findings underscore the importance of targeted public health interventions during peak transmission periods and suggest that additional factors, such as urbanization and economic status, should be addressed to enhance dengue control efforts in Lao PDR.