ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that significantly affects patients’ quality of life. It often coexists with psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression, indicating a strong connection between the gut and the brain. The exact etiology of IBS is multifactorial and remains unclear, but involves alterations in gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, brain-gut axis dysregulation, and psychosocial stress. Aim of the Study: This study aims to examine the complex relationship between IBS, anxiety, and depression by reviewing the psychological, neurological, and gastrointestinal mechanisms involved. It also evaluates how these interactions influence symptom severity and outlines integrated therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods: The analysis of literature was carried out in a structured manner using the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline. The research aimed to identify studies discussing the connection between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and accompanying psychological disorders, with a particular focus on anxiety and depression. Search terms included “irritable bowel syndrome,” “anxiety,” “depression,” “gut-brain axis,” and “psychological comorbidities.” The review incorporated peer-reviewed scientific articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical practice guidelines. Publications such as case reports, editorials, conference summaries, and non-academic sources were excluded. Only studies published in English and Polish from the years 2000 to 2024 were taken into account. The main inclusion criterion was the relevance of the content to the mechanisms, clinical features, psychological aspects, and treatment strategies related to IBS. Results: Evidence supports a bidirectional link between IBS and mental health disorders. Multimodal treatment strategies, such as the low-FODMAP diet, probiotics, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and stress management, show effectiveness in improving symptoms. Conclusions: IBS requires a holistic, patient-centered approach that addresses both physical and psychological components. Personalized interventions that incorporate mental health support are crucial for improving outcomes. Continued research is essential to further explore gut-brain mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies.