An Overview of State-of-the-Art Research on Smart Building Systems

Smart buildings require an energy management system that can meet inhabitants’ demands with a reduced amount of energy consumed by the heating ventilation and air-conditioning system (HVAC), as well as the lighting and shading systems. This work provides a detailed review of available methods proposed in the literature for effective control of automated systems such as HVAC, lighting, shading, etc. Moreover, effective forecasting of renewable energy generations and loads, scheduling of loads, and efficient operations of thermal and electric energy storage are crucial elements for energy management systems for ensuring reliability and stability. In this work, these aspects of energy management systems, that have been popular over the last ten years, are analyzed. In addition, the development of internet-of-things (IoT)-based sensors widens the artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning applications in smart buildings. However, this system can be vulnerable against cyber-attacks. The state of the art of AI and machine learning applications along with cyber security issues and solutions for smart building systems are discussed. Finally, some recommendations for future research trends and directions on smart building systems are provided. This work will provide a basic guideline and will also be very useful to researchers in the area of smart building systems in the future.