Optimization of Reinforcement Schemes for Stabilizing the Working Floor in Coal Mines Based on an Assessment of Its Deformation State

In the Karaganda coal basin, deteriorating geomechanical conditions have been observed, including seam disturbances, diminished strength of argillite-aleurolite strata, water ingress, and pronounced floor heave, all of which markedly increase the labor intensity of maintaining developmental headings. The maintenance and operation of these entries for a reference coal yield of 1000 t necessitate 72-75 man-shifts, of which 90-95% are expended on mitigating ground pressure effects and restoring support integrity. Conventional heave control measures-such as relief drifts, slotting, drainage, secondary blasting, and the application of concrete or rock-bolt systems-deliver either transient efficacy or incur prohibitive labor and material expenditures while lacking unified methodologies for predictive forecasting and support parameter design. This study therefore advocates for an integrated framework that synergizes geomechanical characterization, deformation prognosis, and the tailored selection of reinforcement schemes (incorporating both sidewall and floor-anchoring systems with directed preloading), calibrated to seam depth, geometry, and lithological properties. Employing deformation state assessments to optimize reinforcement layouts for floor stabilization in coal mine workings is projected to curtail repair volumes by 30-40% whilst significantly enhancing operational safety, efficiency, and the punctuality of face preparation.